1. CVS Concurrent Versions System. A version control system for Unix that was initially developed as a series of shell scripts in the mid-1980s. CVS maintains the changes between one source code version and another and stores all the changes in one file. http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
2. Peer-to-Peer
Peer to peer implies that either side of a connection can initiate a session and has equal responsibility http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
3. FTP File Transer Protocol. A protocol used to transfer files over a TCP/IP network http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
4. Broadband
High-speed transmission. The term commonly refers to internet access via cable and DSL, which is as much as 400 times faster
than analog dialup http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
5. BitTorrent
A popular file sharing service developed by Bram Chen that prevents people from downloading constantly unless they are willing to
share in the overall transmission load on the network http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
6. Fileserver
A high speed computer in a network that stores the programs and data files shared by users. http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
7. LAN
Local Area Network. A communications network that serves users within a confined geogrphical area. http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
8. NLR
A high-speed national computer network in the US that runs over fiber-optic lines, and is the first transcontinental Ethernet network. http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
9. Protocols
The format and procedure that governs the transmitting and recieving of data http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
10. TCP/IP
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. A communications protocol developed under contract from the U.S. Department of
Defense to internetwork dissimilar systems http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
11. Client/Server
An architecture in which the users's PC (the client) is the requesting machine and the server is the supplying machine, both of which
are connected via a local area network or wide area network. http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
12. Backbone
The part of a network that handles the major traffic. It employs the highest-speed transmission paths in the network and may also run the longest distance http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
13. Hub
In an Ethernet network, a device to which all clients and servers are wired http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
14. Router
A network device that forwards packets from one network to another http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
15. Switch
A mechanical or electronic device that directs the flow of electrical or optical signals from one side to the other. http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
16. Server
A computer system in a network that is shared by multiple users. http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
17. Wireless G
A family of IEEE standards for wireless LANs that were designed to extend 802.3 into the wireless domain http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
18. DNS Server
A dedicated server or a service within a server that provides DNS name resolutionn in an IP network http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
19. ISP
Internet Server Provider. An organization that provides access to the internet. http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
20. ASP
Application Server Provicer. An organization that hosts software applications on its own servers within its own facilities http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
21. Parallel
Provides a multiline data channel in which bits are sent across multiple conductors http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
22. Serial
Bits are sent one after another
23. RS232
A standard asynchronous serial communication method. Serial meaning the information is sent one bit at a time and Asynchronous means that the info is not sent in predefined time slots. http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
1. Phishing
A scam to steal valuable information http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
2. Worm
A destructive program that replicates itself throughout a single computer or across a network. http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
3. VPN
Virtual Private Network. A private network that is configures within a public network in order to take advantage of the economies of scale and management facilities of large networks http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
4. PGP
Pretty Good Privacy. A dataa encryption program for PGP Corporation. http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
5. Audit Log
A record of transactions in an information system that provides verification of the activity of the system. http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
6. Availability
The accessibility of a system resource in a timely manner. http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
7. Buffer Overflow
A common cause of malfunctioning software. If the amount of data written into a buffer exceeds the size of the buffer, the additional data will be written into adjacent areas, which could be buffers, constans, flags of variable http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
8. Logic Bomb
A program rouotine that destroys data when certain conditions are met. http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
9. Social Engineering
Using persuasion and deception to obtain confidential information from someone by phone or in person http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
10. Strong Passwords
A password that is hard to detect both by humans and by the computer. http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
11. Confidentiality
Restrictions on the accessibility and dissemination of information. http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
12. Authentication
Verifying the integrity of a transmitted message or verifying the identity of a user logging onto a network. http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
13. Virus
Software used to infect a computer. After a virus code is written, it is burried within an existing program so once that program is executed the virus code is activated and attaches copies of itself to other programs in the system. http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
14. Firewall
The primary method for keeping a computer secure from intruders. Allows or blocks traffic into and out of a private network or the user's computer http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
15. Spam
Email that is not requested. Mostly used to advertise products and sometimes to broadcast some political or social commentary. http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
16. PKI
Public Key Infrastructure. A framework for creating a secure method for exchanging information based ona public key cryptography. http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
17. Integrity
The quality and correctness, completeness, wholeness, soundness, and compliance with the intention of the creators of the data. http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
18. Encryption
The reversible transformation of data from the original to a difficult-to-interpret format as a mechanism for protecting its confidentiality, integrity, and sometimes authenticity. http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
1. Binary Number
All input to the ocmputer is converted into binary numbers made up of the two digits 0 and 1 http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
2. Hexadecimal
The base 16 numbering system is used as a shorthand for representing binary numbers http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
3. Octet
An eight-bit storage unit. Often used instead of a byte in the international community. http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
4. ASCII
American Standard Code for Information Interchange. It is a built-in binary code for representing characters in all computers except IBM mainframes http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
5. RF
Radio Frequency. The range of electromagnetic jfrequencies above the audio range and below infrared light http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
6. FAT
File Allocation Table. The original file system used in DOS, Windows, and OS/2 http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
7. NTFS
NT File System. An optical file system for Windows NT, ,2000, and XP operating systems. http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
Connectivity
1. CVSConcurrent Versions System. A version control system for Unix that was initially developed as a series of shell scripts in the mid-1980s. CVS maintains the changes between one source code version and another and stores all the changes in one file.
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
2. Peer-to-Peer
Peer to peer implies that either side of a connection can initiate a session and has equal responsibility
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
3. FTP
File Transer Protocol. A protocol used to transfer files over a TCP/IP network
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
4. Broadband
High-speed transmission. The term commonly refers to internet access via cable and DSL, which is as much as 400 times faster
than analog dialup
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
5. BitTorrent
A popular file sharing service developed by Bram Chen that prevents people from downloading constantly unless they are willing to
share in the overall transmission load on the network
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
6. Fileserver
A high speed computer in a network that stores the programs and data files shared by users.
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
7. LAN
Local Area Network. A communications network that serves users within a confined geogrphical area.
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
8. NLR
A high-speed national computer network in the US that runs over fiber-optic lines, and is the first transcontinental Ethernet network.
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
9. Protocols
The format and procedure that governs the transmitting and recieving of data
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
10. TCP/IP
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. A communications protocol developed under contract from the U.S. Department of
Defense to internetwork dissimilar systems
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
11. Client/Server
An architecture in which the users's PC (the client) is the requesting machine and the server is the supplying machine, both of which
are connected via a local area network or wide area network.
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
12. Backbone
The part of a network that handles the major traffic. It employs the highest-speed transmission paths in the network and may also run the longest distance
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
13. Hub
In an Ethernet network, a device to which all clients and servers are wired
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
14. Router
A network device that forwards packets from one network to another
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
15. Switch
A mechanical or electronic device that directs the flow of electrical or optical signals from one side to the other.
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
16. Server
A computer system in a network that is shared by multiple users.
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
17. Wireless G
A family of IEEE standards for wireless LANs that were designed to extend 802.3 into the wireless domain
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
18. DNS Server
A dedicated server or a service within a server that provides DNS name resolutionn in an IP network
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
19. ISP
Internet Server Provider. An organization that provides access to the internet.
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
20. ASP
Application Server Provicer. An organization that hosts software applications on its own servers within its own facilities
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
21. Parallel
Provides a multiline data channel in which bits are sent across multiple conductors
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
22. Serial
Bits are sent one after another
23. RS232
A standard asynchronous serial communication method. Serial meaning the information is sent one bit at a time and Asynchronous means that the info is not sent in predefined time slots.
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
Website/Website Design
1. Blog
Web service that contains dated text enteries in reverse chronological order about a particular topic
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
2. Wiki
A website that can be quickly edited by its visitors with simple formatting rules.
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
3. Net Neutrality
The absence of restrictions placed on the type of content carried over the internet by the carriers and ISPs that run the major backbone.
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
4. ISP
Internet Service Provider. An organization that provides access to the internet.
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
5. URI
Uniform Resource Identifier. The addressing technology for indentifying resources on the internet or private intranet.
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
6. URL
The address that defines the route to a file on an internet server.
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
7. Modem
A device for low speed dial up or high speed broadband internet connection.
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
8. Depracated
To make invalid or obsolete by removing or flagging the item
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
9. Validation
To p rove something to be sound or logical. Also to certify conformance to standard
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
10. Element
Item within an XHTML Language
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
11. SGML
Standard Generalized Markup Language. An ISO standard for defining the format in a text document.
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
12. XML
EXtensible Markup Language. An open standard for describing data from the W3C
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
13. Frameset
The HTML tag that devides a Web page into sections.
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
14. Strict
A strong adaption to the rules
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
15. Attribute
In an XML document, a sub element defined within an element.
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
16. DTD
Document Type Definition. A language that describes the contents of an SGML document
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
17. Well Formed
Data that conforms to the standard.
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
18. XHTML
The document format used on the web
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
19. HTML
Hyper Text Markup Language. The Document format used on the web.
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
20. CSS
Cascading Style Sheet. A style sheet format for HTL documents endorsed by the World Wide Web.
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
21. Transitional
The filling in of the web document
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
22. W3C
An international industry consortium founded by Tim Berners-Lee to develop standards for the Web
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
Computer Parts: Internal and External
1. BusA common pathway between resources and devices
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
2. CPU
Central Processing Unit. The computing part of the computer.
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
3. SCSI
Small Computer System Interface. SCSI's are used to connect several peripheral devices to a single PCI board.
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
4. USB
Universal Serial Bus. USB is a widely used hardware interface for attaching peripheral devices
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
5. Firewire
A high-speed serial bus that allows for the connection of up to 63 devices.
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
6. Hard Drive
The primary computer storage device which spins, reads, and writes on or more fixed disk platters. Used for storing memory.
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
7. Floppy Drive
A reusable magnetic storage medium.
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
8. CD-ROM/ RW Drive
Compact Disk Read Only Memory. A compact disc format used to store programs and data files.
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
9. SIMM
Single In-Line Memory Module. An earlier printed circuit board that holds memory chips and plugs into a SIMM socket on the Motherboard
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
10. DIMM
Dual In-Line Memory Module. A printed circuit that holds memory chips and plugs into a DIMM socket on the Motherboard.
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
11. RAM
Random Access Memory. A type of memory chip that is "byte addressable" and provides direct access to any location
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
12. COM1
The name assigned to the first serial port on a PC.
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
13. ROM
Read Only Memory. A memory chip that permanently stores instructions and data
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
14. OS
Operating System. Sets the standards for all application programs that run in the computer
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
15. Driver
A hardware device that provides signals or electrical current to activate a transmission line or display screen pixel.
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
16. IDE
Integrated Development Environment. A set of programs run from a single user interface.
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
17. Virtual Memory
Simulation of more memory than actually exists, allowing the computer to run larger programs concurrently.
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
18. Fragmentation
Storing data in non-contiguous areas on disk
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
19. Virtual Machine
An IBM machine that can run multiple operating systems within the computer at the same time, each one running its own programs.
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
20. Desktop
A single-user computer for stationary use.
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
21. NIC
Network Interface Card. A circuit board that plugs into the bus of both user machines and servers in a local area network.
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
Security
1. Phishing
A scam to steal valuable information
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
2. Worm
A destructive program that replicates itself throughout a single computer or across a network.
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
3. VPN
Virtual Private Network. A private network that is configures within a public network in order to take advantage of the economies of scale and management facilities of large networks
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
4. PGP
Pretty Good Privacy. A dataa encryption program for PGP Corporation.
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
5. Audit Log
A record of transactions in an information system that provides verification of the activity of the system.
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
6. Availability
The accessibility of a system resource in a timely manner.
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
7. Buffer Overflow
A common cause of malfunctioning software. If the amount of data written into a buffer exceeds the size of the buffer, the additional data will be written into adjacent areas, which could be buffers, constans, flags of variable
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
8. Logic Bomb
A program rouotine that destroys data when certain conditions are met.
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
9. Social Engineering
Using persuasion and deception to obtain confidential information from someone by phone or in person
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
10. Strong Passwords
A password that is hard to detect both by humans and by the computer.
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
11. Confidentiality
Restrictions on the accessibility and dissemination of information.
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
12. Authentication
Verifying the integrity of a transmitted message or verifying the identity of a user logging onto a network.
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
13. Virus
Software used to infect a computer. After a virus code is written, it is burried within an existing program so once that program is executed the virus code is activated and attaches copies of itself to other programs in the system.
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
14. Firewall
The primary method for keeping a computer secure from intruders. Allows or blocks traffic into and out of a private network or the user's computer
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
15. Spam
Email that is not requested. Mostly used to advertise products and sometimes to broadcast some political or social commentary.
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
16. PKI
Public Key Infrastructure. A framework for creating a secure method for exchanging information based ona public key cryptography.
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
17. Integrity
The quality and correctness, completeness, wholeness, soundness, and compliance with the intention of the creators of the data.
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
18. Encryption
The reversible transformation of data from the original to a difficult-to-interpret format as a mechanism for protecting its confidentiality, integrity, and sometimes authenticity.
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
Fonts/ Characters
1. Font
A set of type characters of a particular typeface, design, and size.
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
2. Font Family
A set of fonts of the same typeface in assorted sizes, including bold, italic, and bold italic variations.
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
3. Sans Serif
A typeface style without serifs
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
4. Italic/oblique
Refers to the slant to the right of characters in a particular typeface.
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
5. Mono-spaced
A font in which each character is the same width. an "I" takes up the same space as the letter "m".
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
6. Proportionally spaced
Character spacing based on the width of each character. An "I" takes up less space than the letter "m".
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
7. Point
In typography, a unit equal to 1/72 of an inch used to measure the vertical height of a printed character.
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
8. Character
A single alphabetic letter, numeric digit, or special symbol such as a decimal point of a comma.
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
9.
Forward Slash. The divide symbol in programming and on calculator keyboard
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
10. \
Back Slash. Used as a seporator between folder and file names in DOS, Windows, and OS/2 when the full path to a file is written out.
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
11. @
"at". Shorthand for the word at, but has become widely identified around the world due to its use in internet email addresses.
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
12. &
And symbole, or "ampersand". Short hand for "and".
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
Misc.
1. Binary Number
All input to the ocmputer is converted into binary numbers made up of the two digits 0 and 1
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
2. Hexadecimal
The base 16 numbering system is used as a shorthand for representing binary numbers
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
3. Octet
An eight-bit storage unit. Often used instead of a byte in the international community.
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
4. ASCII
American Standard Code for Information Interchange. It is a built-in binary code for representing characters in all computers except IBM mainframes
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
5. RF
Radio Frequency. The range of electromagnetic jfrequencies above the audio range and below infrared light
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
6. FAT
File Allocation Table. The original file system used in DOS, Windows, and OS/2
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
7. NTFS
NT File System. An optical file system for Windows NT, ,2000, and XP operating systems.
http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia